Definition of Decorative Pediment Elements of the Building in Palladian Architecture in Thailand

Abstract

This article presents the development of symbolic interpretations that appear on the pediment in Palladian architecture in Thailand. Palladian architecture originated from an Italian architect, Andrea Palladio. The distinctive identity is that it has beautiful proportions that are harmoniously consistent, with the style unraveled from ancient Greco-Roman architecture. It emphasizes symmetry and incorporates classic building elements into the design, especially in pediment. Studies have shown that pediment is an important element. It is located on the top of the building. In the Greco-Roman period, pediment was used to decorate the temple for worshiping the gods. Andrea Palladio adapted pediment elements in residential buildings, adhering to the beauty of proportions rather than excessive decorations according to the humanist approach that was popular during the Renaissance. As a result, the pediments in Andrea Palladio's designs were interpreted as majestic. The Palladian style of architecture clearly reflects the essence of Western architecture. It has been popular in Thailand since the 19th century onwards. The study found that Western architects adapted the architectural style to be more oriental. The unique pediment elements of the Palladian architecture have been redefined. Sculptures decorated with stories of various gods were replaced by the symbols of the monarchy, royal emblems, coat of arms and Garuda. Such decorations often appear on the pediment of the palaces and various government buildings to indicate the status of the monarch as the builder of the buildings and reflect the center of power in the rule of the monarch under the absolute monarchy.